Chapter 1 Respiration Part 2

Summary

Respiration chapter divided into 3 categories:

1. Human Breathing Mechanism
2. Transport of Oxygen in Human Body
3. Importance of a healthy Respiratory System

HUMAN BREATHING MECHANISM (Respiratory System)

Main Organ: -

1. Nasal Cavity
2. Trachea
3. Bronchus
4. Lungs
5. Ribcage
6. Diaphragm

TRANSPORT OF OXYGEN IN HUMAN BODY - Diffusion

IMPORTANCE OF A HEALTHY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

1. Harmful substances: Nicotine, Tar, Sulphur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Haze
2. Effects of Smoking on the Lungs
3. Diseases of Respiratory System

Chapter 1 Respiration Part 1

Part Vs Function

Nasal Cavity (Nose): Moist the air before it reaches our lungs. The tiny hair in the nasal cavity traps and filter the dust to clean the air before goes into the lungs.

Throat (pharynx): Collects incoming air from the nasal cavity and passes it downward to the trachea.

Trachea (windpipe): Muscular air tube with cartilaginous rings that cleans the inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. The rings prevent trachea from collapsing.

Lungs: This is the main part of our respiratory system. Human Being has a pair of lungs. Lungs exchange the unwanted gas (carbon dioxide) with the gas that our body wants to use (oxygen).

Bronchi (singular: Bronchus): A tube that directs the inhaled air to the lungs. Each bronchus is a branch from the trachea.

Bronchioles: These are small air tubes branching from the bronchi.

Diaphragm: The strong wall of muscle that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. This muscle can contract or relax.

Intercostal muscles: The muscles fill up the spaces between the adjacent ribs. It moves the ribs during the breathing process.

Ribs: The bones that support and protect the chest cavity. It helps the lungs to expand and contract.

Alveoli (singular: Alveolus): A very small air sacs that is the final destination of the breathe air. The sac is surrounded by blood capillaries.

Inhalation

Exhalation

The diffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries to the cells

The transport of oxygen by blood

Proceed to Part 2>>

Mathematics PMR Past Year Question 2006 Paper 1

1. D (question required NOT)

2. B (RM30 - RM30x20/100)x4 weeks

3 B (180 x 2/5 = 72)

4. A (90 x 3/5)x4/9 (question mentioned 4/9 of the CHESS CLUB)

5. B (51 and 57 can be divided by 3, 49 can be divided by 7) Prime number only can be fully divided by 1 and the number of itself.

6. C (question need LCM)

7. C (3km 50 m = 3km + 50/1000) 1km=1000m

8. C (n-2)x180

9. A ((n-2)x180)/n to find what is the degree for P

10. B

11. C (perpendicular = 90)

12. C (x=J)

13. D (5EL+100cm = 310)

14. C (area for trapezium = 1/2 x (2 parallel line)x height <10cm> )

15. D (meeting point for STQ and PR)

16. A (Use formula for triangle with perpendicular angle)

17. B (must have 6 rectangle for hexagon and one top and one bottom hexagon)

18. D (x=PSR ; PQR+PSR=180)

19. A (POQ= UOS ; POQ+UOS+ 155+y=360)

20. B (perimeter of a circle is 2 pie r)

21. A (PUT and QRS is a perfect circle; circumference of a circle= 2 pie r)

22. D (ST= 7cm x 2; Area of a arc = angle/360 x pie r^2)

23. B (ratio 10:25 )

24. C (pyramid = 1 surface; Cylinder with circle bottom= 2 surfaces)

25. C (PQR- 2 ; PQ=4cm using perpendicular triangle formula)

26. A (Question required volume that not filled with water)

27. B (black dotted mean larger or smaller with equal; white dotted mean larger or smaller without equal)

28. B (k= -6/2=-3 , substitute k=-3 into the equation of 3k-4m=-5 )

29. C (x:y=5:7, x+y= 12; x+y=48 as per question then use 48/12=4 mean the real is 4 times of ratio)

30. D (first hour =RM2, another 5 1/2 hours change it to 6 times of 1/2 hour so 6 x 1.50)

31. C (what is the distance? 105km/h x 3 hour = 315 km; 315km/(3 hour+extra 1/2 hour<30 minutes>) )

32. A (score which more than 2)

33. D Sum up[(number of book marks x number of pupils)] / total number of pupils

34. B (notice one oval in the diagram represent 10 cakes)

35. A (Blue= 80/360 x 162 pupils)

36. C (y=mx +C)

37. C (y=mX+c; C=(0,6); m=(y1-y2)/(x1-x2) )

38. B (mid point formula: x=(x1+x2)/2 and y=(y1+y2)/2)

39. D (coordinate x for point R = 3)

40. B (distance = square root of ((x1-x2)^2 + (y1-y2)^2)

Mathematics Form 3 (PMR)

• Chapter 1
• Chapter 2
• Chapter 3
• Chapter 4
• Chapter 5
• Chapter 6
• Chapter 7
• Chapter 8
• Chapter 9
• Chapter 10
• Chapter 11
• Chapter 12
• Chapter 13
• Chapter 14
• Chapter 15

Past year question / e-trial exam

• PMR 2006 (paper 1)

Mathematics

• Standard 1
• Standard 2
• Standard 3
• Standard 4
• Standard 5
• Standard 6 (UPSR)

• Form 1
• Form 2
• Form 3 (PMR)
• Form 4
• Form 5 (SPM)

Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Sembilan 2008 - Paper 2

1. Chapter 1 (Form 1)
a) P:Tripod Stand, Q: Thermometer, R: Condenser Liebig
b) 1: Oxygen and hydrogen; 2: Iron filing and sulphur powder; 3: Cooking oil and water

2. Chapter 8 (Form 2)
a) i) Vertebrate animals: Q/Frog, S/Lizard
Invertebrate animals: P/Beetle, R/Prawn
ii) Exoskeleton
iii) Snake, fish, bird etc (choose one)

b) Hydrostatic
c) Prevent soil erosion

3. Chapter 3 (Form 3)
a) Excess water
b) Kidney
c) Harmful waste product accumulated
d) Skin: Urea/ mineral salt; Lungs: Carbon dioxide
e) 1 and 3

4. Chapter 3 (Form 1)
a) i) Diffusion
ii) Diffusion process in solid is slower because the particles arrangement is close to each other.
b) Q

c) 0.9g/cm^3
d) Ship/ raft/ boat

5. Chapter 2 (Form 2)
a)i) C, B&D, F&A, E
ii) Age / Stage of health/ Gender etc (Choose one)
b) Place for storage glucose
c) 7840KJ
d) i) On cell thick / large number of villus / Many network blood capillaries(choose one)
ii) Very thin / Easy to diffuse into blood capillaries / More villus will increase surface area (choose one)

6. Chapter 6 (Form 2)
a)i) O
ii) The particles move faster and collide more frequently / Gas pressure increase (choose one)
b) i)temperature ii)Volume
c) Punch another hole
d) Pressure inside the rubber cup is lower than pressure at X vice versa.
e) i)Because the symbol shows highly flammable substance
ii) To withstand high pressure gas / To distribute the pressure in the tank evenly. (choose one)

7. Chapter 7 (Form 2)
a) P: Low /small frictional force
Q: High/ Big frictional force
R: Low /small frictional force
S: High/ Big frictional force

b) Magnitude of the frictional force : Low frictional force
Situation: P, R
Magnitude of the frictional force : High frictional force
Situation: Q, S

c) i) The frictional of trolley J is bigger than trolley K
ii) The bigger the gradient of the inclined plane, the smaller the frictional force.
iii) Make the surface rough

8. Chapter 8 (Form 3)
a)i) Bulb B is brighter than Bulb A
ii) The lost of energy / Power is reduced when transformer is used
b) i) 4.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0
ii)


c) The higher the number of turns, the higher the output voltage
d) The output voltage
e) 60 turns

Jabatan Pelajaran Negeri Sembilan 2008 - Paper 1

Paper 1 >> Download this question paper

1. C

refer to Form 1 Chapter 1

2. B

(P- Paramecium, Q- Hydra, R- Amoeba, S- Zygomycota, T- Spirogyra)

refer to Form 1 Chapter 2

3. A

(muscle tissue)

refer to Form 1 Chapter 2

4. A

refer to Form 1 Chapter 2

5. D

(Density lower, position higher)

refer to Form 1 Chapter 3

6. B

refer to Form 1 Chapter 4

7. A

refer to Form 1 Chapter 6

8. D

(A- Suphur, B- gas that is neutral eg oxygen, C- Oxygen)

refer to Form 1 Chapter 5

9. B

Haemoglobins in the blood will combines with oxygen and become oxyhaemoglobin and go over human blood. Motor Vehicle that produce carbon monoxide has a characteristic whereby it is more easily combine with haemoglobins compared to oxygen. Thus, breathing carbon monoxide will decrease the oxygen carried by haemoglobins because it already combine with carbon monoxide.

refer to Form 3 Chapter 1

10. A

refer to Form 1 Chapter 6

11. C

refer to Form 1 Chapter 7

12. A

refer to Form 1 Chapter 7

13. D

refer to Form 3 Chapter 6

14. B

(A- eardrum, B- semicircular canals, C- Cochlea, D- eustachian tube)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 1

15. C

refer to Form 2 Chapter 1

16. A

(B- Diabetes, C- Obesity, D-Heart disease)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 2

17. C

Characteristic of Monocotyledons

refer to Form 2 Chapter 3

18. D

refer to Form 2 Chapter 4

19. A

(P- oxygen, Q-hydrogen)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 5

20. D

(A-cloroform, B-Acetone, C- Benzena/Nail Vanish)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 5

21. D

(C- refer to Form 1 Chapter 7)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 6

22. C

(A-electrostatic force, B- Gravitional force, D- Magnetic force)

refer to Form 2 Chapter 7

23. C

Work(J)= Force (N) x Distance (m)

*1KG = 10N

refer to Form 2 Chapter 7

24. D

refer to Form 2 Chapter 9

25. D

refer to Form 2 Chapter 8

26. B

refer to Form 2 Chapter 10

27. A

refer to Form 2 Chapter 10

28. C

refer to Form 3 Chapter 1

29. B

refer to Form 3 Chapter 2

30. B

(A-Phloem, B- Xylem, C-Cortex, D-epidermis)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 2

31. A

(X-Ureter)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 3

32. D

(A- Resim, B- Alkaloid/Quinine, C-Alkaloid/Morphine)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 3

33. B

refer to Form 3 Chapter 4

34. D

(Hydra)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 4

35. A

refer to Form 3 Chapter 4

36. A

refer to Form 3 Chapter 6

37. C

refer to Form 3 Chapter 6

38. A

refer to Form 3 Chapter 8

39. C

Power (W)= Voltage (V) x Current(A)

1500W=240Vx ___A

1500W/240V= 6.25 A

(choose a fius that must be slighly higher than 6.25A)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 8

40. C

(D- refer to the death of a star)

refer to Form 3 Chapter 9